Is Dutch required?
Not for English-taught programmes. Life in a smaller city is easier with some Dutch. We will not pretend otherwise.
Netherlands
The Netherlands offers many English-taught degrees and a clear, expensive living-cost story. Housing is tight. Numerus-fixus programmes fill. The file has to be early.

Research universities and universities of applied sciences are not the same product. Families mix them up. We will not. The diploma, the visa, and the later job story depend on which door you chose.
The institution often starts the residence process with IND. Proof of means and housing still sit with the student. A January arrival with no room is a real-world failure even if the permit is clean.
Not for English-taught programmes. Life in a smaller city is easier with some Dutch. We will not pretend otherwise.
Often on tuition. Not always on rent. We budget both.
A consult in the right month matters more here than in most countries.